自去年起，上海服务经济迈过了一道坎：占GDP比重第一次超过了70%，基本达到了世界级“服务型城市”的标准。数字令人欣喜，但数字之外的一个新问题有待找寻答案：“上海服务”，它究竟是什么？它有怎样的特质和魅力，奉行何种理念，发挥什么样的功能，如何在全球城市中脱颖而出……

对标卓越的全球城市，在新时代背景下，已确立以服务经济为主产业结构的上海，如何深化对“上海服务”内涵的认识，进一步打响“上海服务”品牌。对此，记者采访了上海市政府副秘书长、市发展改革委主任汤志平。

记者：站在新的历史方位，如何认识新时代加快提升上海服务能级的重要意义？

汤志平：加快提升上海服务能级、着力打响“上海服务”品牌是国家对上海的工作要求，更是新时代上海构筑发展战略优势的重要举措。当今中国正日益走近世界舞台中央，上海作为我国最大的经济中心城市，责无旁贷要承担更重要使命。上海在国家发展全局中具有举足轻重的地位和作用，以习近平同志为核心的党中央对上海寄予厚望，上海要主动服务国家战略，代表国家水平，体现国家形象。

上海要按照当好新时代的全国改革开放排头兵、创新发展先行者的根本要求，在新的时代坐标中坚定追求卓越的发展取向，加快建设“四个中心”和社会主义现代化国际大都市，加快迈向卓越的全球城市。这不仅要体现在自身发展能力和水平上，更要充分体现在服务全国大局、集聚配置全球要素资源和代表国家参与全球合作竞争上。

上海富有与生俱来的服务文化底蕴，城市综合服务功能已成为上海发展的独特优势，非常有必要将提升上海服务能级放在打造上海品牌优势的更加突出重要位置，坚持不懈地持续发力，强化综合服务功能，增强经济中心城市辐射带动能力。

记者：打响“上海服务”品牌有哪些优势？

汤志平：综合服务功能成为决定城市国际竞争力的关键。长期以来，追求卓越、致力创新的服务文化理念，深深扎根于上海的城市气质之中。站在新的历史起点上，加快提升服务能级、着力打造服务新优势，上海更有基础、有优势、有底气。

国际经济中心、金融中心、贸易中心、航运中心在上海集聚，是上海发展的最大竞争优势。近年来上海按照国家战略部署，深入推进国际经济、金融、航运和贸易中心建设，“四个中心”核心功能已明显增强，以服务经济为主的产业结构基本形成，大大提升了城市服务能级，为持续打响“上海服务”品牌夯实了根基。

一是金融市场集聚功能显著提升，为打响“上海服务”品牌插上金融的“翅膀”。保险交易所、票据交易所、中国信托登记公司、上海清算所等全国性金融要素市场相继设立运营，在上海国家级金融市场数量达到13家，功能较为完备的多层次金融市场体系基本形成，全球性人民币产品创新、交易、定价和清算中心初步建立。金砖国家新开发银行、人民币跨境支付系统、全球清算对手方协会等功能性机构落户上海，“沪港通”、“债券通”等创新业务顺利开展。目前在沪持牌金融机构超过1500家，全国直接融资总额中的85%来自上海金融市场，上海在“全球金融中心指数”（GFCI）中的排名从第16位跃升至现在的第6位。

二是航运服务功能持续优化，为输出“上海服务”品牌乘上远扬的“航船”。2016年上海港国际集装箱吞吐量达到3713万标准箱，连续七年位居世界第一，今年有望超过4000万标准箱。2016年上海港邮轮旅客达到289万人次，比上年增长76%，已经成为亚洲最大的邮轮母港。

上海航运融资、航运保险、航运衍生品业务规模均居全国前列，全球二十大集装箱公司、九大船级社均在上海开设了分支机构。2016年上海浦东、虹桥两大机场进出港旅客达到10644万人次，成为继伦敦、纽约、东京、亚特兰大之后全球第五个旅客量超过1亿人次的城市。

三是贸易辐射功能明显增强，为强化“上海服务”品牌注入充沛的“流量”。中国国际进口博览会落户上海，文化贸易、技术贸易、跨境电子商务等新型贸易加快发展。2016年全市商品销售总额超过10万亿元，社会消费品零售总额超过1万亿元，口岸货物进出口总值超过1万亿美元，占全国的1/4，占全球的3%；服务贸易进出口总额超过2000亿美元，占全国的1/4；落户跨国公司地区总部超过600家，占全国的1/3。

记者：如何理解加快提升上海服务能级打造服务新优势的核心内容和主要任务？

汤志平：“上海服务”的内涵非常丰富，既有城市综合服务功能的打造，也有服务经济能级的提升，还有服务环境和营商环境的不断优化。总体思路是要对标国际最高标准、最好水平，不断追求卓越，努力把“上海服务”打造成为金字招牌和城市名片，要打好四个方面的组合拳。

一是进一步增强经济中心城市服务功能。核心就是要不断增强上海“四个中心”功能，加强国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心与自贸试验区、科创中心建设两大国家战略融合联动。服务功能的提升是一个持续强化的过程，到2020年上海基本建成“四个中心”后，还要继续对标全球城市的最高标准，不断提升国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心的全球资源配置能力，更好地代表国家参与全球合作竞争。

二是进一步提升服务经济能级。大力培育平台经济、分享经济、体验经济等适应互联网时代特点的新业态、新模式。推动生产性服务业向专业化、高端化、智能化拓展，带动制造业转型升级；推动生活性服务业向精细化和高品质提升，扩大有效供给，满足人民群众对美好生活的需求。大力推动文化贸易、技术贸易、离岸外包、专业服务等新兴服务贸易发展，积极培育数字贸易、金融保险、医疗健康等服务贸易新增长点。

三是进一步提升服务国家战略能力。上海是全国最大的经济中心城市，从城市辐射带动角度看，“上海服务”要服务长三角地区一体化发展、服务长江经济带建设和服务全国其他地区，还要服务国家“一带一路”建设，成为“一带一路”建设的桥头堡，在全国乃至全球范围内做好“上海服务”。

四是进一步加快建设服务型政府。优质高效的政府服务是“上海服务”品牌的应有之义，要充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用。坚定推进政府服务和管理效率变革，全力当好服务各类市场主体的“店小二”，建设人民满意的政府，增强服务意识和服务能力，做到无事不扰，专心提供优质服务，营造国际化、法治化、便利化的营商环境。

记者：提升上海服务能级、打造服务新优势有哪些具体考虑？

汤志平：近日，市委主要领导在市委学习讨论会上明确指出，要全力打响上海服务、制造、购物、文化四大品牌，其中全力打响上海服务是重要任务之一。我们初步考虑从以下几个方面着手，不断推进服务功能提升。

一是深入推进“四个中心”建设。上海“十三五”规划已经明确，到2020年，要基本建成与我国经济实力和国际地位相适应、具有全球资源配置能力的国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心。下一步要聚焦加快提升城市核心功能，大力推进改革开放，强化创新驱动，深入经济、金融、贸易和航运等重要城市服务功能的融合联动。

二是加快提升高端服务业能级。提升总部经济发展水平，吸引跨国公司和国内龙头企业的地区总部、研发中心、结算中心等功能性机构集聚。在自贸试验区探索优化跨境服务贸易管理方式，推进跨境交付等服务贸易便利化。鼓励引导静安国家级服务业综合改革试点区和黄浦、徐汇、长宁等一批服务业创新示范区先行先试，破解制约服务业发展的制度和政策瓶颈，培育形成一批高端服务业产业集群和龙头企业。强化高端服务业人才队伍建设，实施更加开放的人才政策，培养引进一批专业服务高端人才。

三是切实加大营商环境改革力度。按照中央提出的率先加大营商环境改革力度的要求，上海已对标国际最高标准、最好水平，制定形成着力优化营商环境行动方案，从投资贸易便利化自由化、市场运行秩序、创新创业环境、政府经济治理水平、法治保障等方面推动营商环境改革。目前上海各部门、各区都已行动起来，围绕市场主体最关心的办理施工许可、开办企业、纳税、获得电力、跨境贸易等领域，大幅改善企业办事全流程所花时间、效率和费用，进行政府流程的革命性再造。同时深入推进互联网+政务服务，强化数据共享和协同应用，加快推进网上审批，切实提高一张网的影响力和服务力，让数据多跑路、百姓少跑腿，用公务员“辛苦指数”换取群众的“幸福指数”和企业的“发展指数”。

四是强化提升长三角区域合作实效。当前上海正与苏浙皖三省一道，共同筹划创新做实区域合作机制，全力打造长三角区域合作升级版。充实工作力量，与苏浙皖三省一起组建一套工作班子，建立常态长效的一体化推进机制。研究制定长三角地区一体化发展三年行动计划，深度对接国家和各省市相关规划，推动实施一批重大事项和重大项目。总结提炼一张长三角改革事项推广清单，将三省一市成功成熟的改革经验与制度创新成果，率先在长三角地区复制推广，把各地制度创新的红利转化为促进区域一体化发展的内生动力。

五是全力服务国家“一带一路”建设。今年上海根据中央的新要求，已经制定出台了服务国家“一带一路”建设发挥桥头堡作用的行动方案。下一步将抓紧推进落实“一带一路”桥头堡行动方案，以上海自由贸易试验区为制度创新载体、以经贸合作为突破口、以金融服务为支撑、以基础设施建设为重点、以人文交流和人才培训为纽带、以同全球友城和跨国公司合作为切入点，聚焦贸易投资便利化、增强互联互通功能等6大专项行动，推进落实60项行动举措。

“上海服务”是一篇大文章，我们还需要不断深化认识，广泛听取各方的意见和建议，凝聚大家的智慧，更好地找准工作切入口，拿出有力措施，不断提升服务能级，构筑上海发展的战略新优势。

Shanghai Services: a pivotal part to polish the city’s new strategic growth advantage

An interview of Tang Zhiping,

Director of the Shanghai Development and Reform Commission

Shanghai has made marked progress in developing its services sector in the past year, which contributed more than 70 percent, a record high, to the city’s economy in 2017.

In a new era of economic development, Shanghai is striving to build itself into a global city of excellence, determined to further develop service-oriented economy in the future.

Tang Zhiping, deputy secretary-general of the Shanghai municipal government and director of the Shanghai Development and Reform Commission, talked in a recent interview about how to deepen the understanding of Shanghai’s services economy and to strengthen “Shanghai Services” as a brand.

Q: In the new development era, how would you comment on the significance of speeding up the development of Shanghai’s service economy?

A: It is a task the central government has assigned to Shanghai to speed up the upgrading of its services sector in Shanghai and establish the brand name of "Shanghai Services". It is also an important step to set up a strategic advantage in Shanghai in the new era.

Under the central leadership headed by President Xi Jinping, Shanghai plays a significant role in the nation’s overall development blueprint, and we shall play an active role in pushing forward the national strategy, to represent the national standards and reflect the nation’s image.

Shanghai shall spearhead the nation’s opening up and reform, and continue to serve as an active contributor to the nation’s overall economic growth blueprints, attract and redistribute global resources and be a good representative of China in terms of global cooperation and competition.

Shanghai is well-versed in developing the services sector, gaining indisputable advantage in the urban comprehensive services, and that’s the reason that it is even more urgent to further highlight the “Shanghai Services” brand. 

Q: What advantage does Shanghai have to highlight and strengthen the “Shanghai Services” brand?

A: The comprehensive services function is a game changer in measuring urban competitiveness. The ardent aspiration for excellent and innovative services is deeply rooted in the local culture. Now the city is more emboldened and also better prepared to pursue new targets to upgrade its services sector.

Shanghai has also made significant progress in the building of international economic, financial, trade and shipping centers over recent years, giving the city an overwhelming advantage, and has established a basic industrial structure with the services sector as the backbone, which has laid a solid foundation for us to promote the “Shanghai Services” brand.

Firstly, Shanghai has built up a multi-layered financial market structure. A number of financial situations such as the Shanghai Insurance Exchanges, clearing houses, China Trust Registration Corporation, Shanghai Clearing House have set up in Shanghai. Shanghai has shot from 16th to the current sixth position in the Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI) ranking.

Secondly, Shanghai’s shipping services have also witnessed marked improvement in recent years.

In 2016, Shanghai Port’s international container throughput reached 37.13 million TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit) and retained its position as the top port in terms of container throughput globally for the seventh consecutive year. In 2017, container throughput is expected to exceed 40 million TEUs. In 2016, Shanghai cruise terminal recorded 2.89 million passengers, a 76 percent year-on-year rise, becoming the largest cruise port in Asia.

The market values of Shanghai’s shipping financing, shipping insurance, shipping derivatives business lead domestic cities. The world's top-20 container companies and nine major classification societies have opened branches in Shanghai.

In 2016, the number of inbound and outbound passengers at Pudong and Hongqiao airports in Shanghai reached 106.44 million, making it the fifth largest city in the world, each with more than 100 million passengers, after London, New York, Tokyo and Atlanta.

Thirdly, Shanghai’s trade sector has also gained more influence over other sectors. Shanghai will host the China International Import Expo in November 2018. New trade formats such as cultural products trade, technology trade and cross-border e-commerce have blossomed. In 2016, Shanghai’s total merchandise sales exceeded 10 trillion yuan and the retail sales topped 1 trillion yuan while the total value of import and export exceeded US$1 trillion, accounting for one-fourth of the national trade and three percent of the global total.

The services trade exceeded US$200 billion, accounting for one-fourth of the national total. More than 600 multinational corporations set up their regional headquarters in the city, accounting for one-third of the country's total number.

Q: Can you briefly explain the core content and major tasks to build up the “Shanghai Services” brand?

A: The "Shanghai Services" brand has very rich connotations, and it covers both of the city’s comprehensive service functions and the enhancement of economic services, as well as the improvement of overall services environment and business environment.

The guideline is to pitch the city’s services sector at the highest international standards and the highest services levels while building the “Shanghai Services” brand, and to continue to pursue excellence to make the "Shanghai Services" a well-known feature of the city and one of the most conspicuous factors of the city. This is embodied in four goals.

Firstly, the city will further enhance the synergies between two national strategies, Shanghai make a better play of the economic, finance, trade and shipping centers and the Free Trade Zone and a world-class technology innovation center.  Following its progress in the construction of the “Four Centers”, Shanghai will make unrelenting efforts to allocate international economic, finance, trade and shipping resources and do a better job of representing China in international collaboration and competition.

Secondly, Shanghai will encourage new services formats and new business models that better fit the Internet era, such as the sharing economy and experience- economy. Shanghai will also push the manufacturing service industry to expand to specialized, high-end sectors; to gear the transformation and upgrading of lifestyle services industries toward refinement, high quality and intelligence and to extend effective supply, in order to meet the citizens’ ever-growing demand for a better life.

Thirdly, Shanghai will continue to gear its economy to the national strategy and gear its “Shanghai Services” brand to the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region as well as other parts of the country. It will also become a forerunner and harbinger to serve the “Belt & Road” initiative.  

Fourthly, Shanghai is to speed up the building of a services-oriented government. “Shanghai Services” brand will naturally include high- quality and efficient government services, and we shall let the market play a decisive role in allocating resources and play a better role as a services-oriented government. Shanghai shall continue to be a servant for all kinds of services markets and to further optimize business environment which is international, lawful and convenient.

Q: What are to the specific targets in improving its services?

A: At a recent study session, Shanghai’s major leaders called on the city to build a city brand of “Shanghai Services, Shanghai Manufacturing, Shanghai Shopping and Shanghai Culture”, with “Shanghai Services” as a priority. To improve the city’s services, we will start with the following five steps.

First is to accelerate the construction of “four centers”. It is clearly specified in Shanghai’s 13th Five-Year Plan that Shanghai will be built into global economic, financial, trading and shipping centers by 2020, which match China’s economic power and its international status and which are able to allocate global resources. For the next step, Shanghai will focus on improving the city’s core functions, push forward reform and opening-up, and deepen the interaction of the city’s services in economic, financial, trading and shipping areas.

Second is to enhance Shanghai’s ability in offering high-end services. The city will make efforts to attract more regional headquarters of multinational companies and leading domestic enterprises as well as their functional branches like R&D centers and settlement centers to lift the city’s “headquarters economy”. Shanghai will pilot new policies in regulating cross-border services in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone to optimize and streamline administration process; it will encourage and guide pilot programs in Jing’an District to build it into a nation-level district to trial comprehensive reforms in the services sector. The city will also test new policies in Huangpu, Xuhui and Changning districts to stimulate innovation in services to break the bottleneck of policies and regulations and nurture a batch of high-end service industry clusters and leading companies; it will strengthen the training of senior professionals in services through more inclusive policies in attracting talent and cultivating them.

Third is to strengthen the reform in creating a better business environment. Responding to the central government’s call for enhancing reforms in business environment, Shanghai has come up with an action plan that features the highest international standard to optimize the city’s business environment, such as more convenient investment and trade, better market order, more policies to support innovation, better governance and stronger legal protection. All the city governments and districts have started work in cutting down on the time and money needed for receiving certificates, paying taxes, obtaining electric power and doing cross-border trade, all of them big headaches for businesses. At the same time, Shanghai accelerates the Internet+Government Services initiative, stressing data sharing and coordinated application to speed up online approval process. It makes the most  of the Internet in cutting the red tapes for ordinary people, and mobilizes government employees to work more to improve the “happiness index” of ordinary people and ”growth index” of enterprises.

Fourth is to improve the cooperation in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Shanghai is now working with Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces to create an updated regional work mechanism. A work group has been established to push forward a long-term and integrated mechanism involving Shanghai and the three neighboring provinces, while a three-year action plan will be worked out to cater to the respective places and fit it into important issues and projects across the delta region. Shanghai will also sum up the experience in this cooperation and promote it in the Yangtze River Delta Region.

Fifth is to contribute more to China’s Belt and Road initiative. Responding to the central government’s new requirement, Shanghai has worked out an action plan to play a leading role in the initiative. For the next step, the city will carry out the plan, with the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone as a new platform, the economic and trade cooperation as a breakthrough, the financial services as the support, the infrastructure construction as a core task, the cultural exchange as a linkage, and communications with friendly cities as well as with multinational companies as a starting point. It will focus on “Six Special Actions,” including making trade and investment more convenient and enhancing interaction and communication, and put into action the “60 steps”.

The “Shanghai Services” brand is a huge project. We need to have a thorough understanding of it and listen to opinions and suggestions from all walks of life to absorb people’s wisdom, find a good starting point and launch efficient measures for forging Shanghai’s new strategic growth advantage.