上海制造正迎来一个全新的发展机遇——打响“上海制造”品牌。这不仅将擦亮这块曾经给上海带来无上荣耀的金字招牌，更将有力提升上海代表国家参与全球合作竞争、配置全球资源的实力。

近日，市委主要领导在市委学习讨论会上提出，要全力打响上海的四个品牌。对于“上海制造”品牌，要发展高端制造，向产业价值链高端迈进，从品牌营销、质量提升、标准引领、研发设计、精细化管理等各个领域，提升产品品质、知名度和美誉度，提高企业核心竞争力和高端制造能级，重振“上海制造”的雄风。

在主管产业经济发展的上海市经信委主任陈鸣波看来，“上海制造”本身就是一张名片。要基于上海制造的历史底蕴和基础优势，认清新时代上海制造的历史方位、坐标定位，对标最高标准拉长板补短板，全力打响“上海制造”品牌。

重构战略优势的举旗定向之举

上海制造有着辉煌过往。150多年的近代工业史，让上海成为中国近代工业产生最早、设厂最多、投资规模最大的城市。

1978年，上海全市工业总产值达207亿元，占全国1/8。近200项工业产品产量位居全国第一，70多项工业产品赶上或接近当时的国际先进水平。上海牌手表、蝴蝶牌缝纫机、凤凰牌自行车、海鸥相机……上个世纪，这些家喻户晓的“上海制造”就是这座城市的名片。

1978年之后，中国的制造业随着改革开放，发生了结构性的变化。工业原材料的计划性供应体制逐步退出历史；　大批外资制造业企业从苏南、浙江、珠三角等地开始布局中国各地；凭借机制、薪酬成本、用工灵活性、地缘等优势，各地的外资和民营企业用了20多年时间，在消费制成品的市场共同竞争。

进入新世纪以来，上海加快产业结构调整，实施创新发展战略，培育了汽车、电子信息、成套设备、石油化工及精细化工、精品钢材、生物医药六大支柱产业。

2008年的国际金融危机，让上海更加清醒地认识到制造业的重要性。当前，实体经济尤其是先进制造业，已经成为经济大国争夺的新战略制高点。例如，美国大力实施“再工业化”，德国加快推进“工业4.0”，英国深入规划工业2050战略。

2016年初，上海首次提出量化指标——2020年制造业增加值占全市GDP比重力争保持在25%左右。之后陆续出台的上海工业供给侧结构性改革“27条”、巩固提升实体经济能级“50条”等政策举措，让外界看到了“上海制造”的决心。

数据显示，今年1—10月，上海工业累计增速在东部地区排名第一。工业企业利润率8.4%，列东部地区第二；工业税收完成3206亿元，对全市税收增量贡献为61.6%，有效弥补了金融、房地产增速下降的缺口。

此时提出打响“上海制造”品牌，陈鸣波说，是贯彻十九大精神、落实制造强国战略，以及重构上海产业经济优势的举旗定向之举。接下来，要根据全市统一部署，集中各方面力量，加快打造一批新、老高端制造品牌，争做制造强国领域的排头兵，更加积极主动地承担国家战略、更好地参与国际竞争合作。

第二架国产大型客机C919

对标最高标准有所为有所不为

十八大以来，党中央把振兴实体经济摆到更加突出的位置。十九大报告进一步指出：“必须把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上”。

在加快建设制造强国的过程中，加快落实推进自贸试验区、科创中心两个国家战略的上海，更需要集聚和配置全球要素资源。因此，要打响“上海制造”品牌，首先要对标国际。

伴随着新一轮技术革命的推进，新一代信息技术推动产业组织和制造方式产生重大变革，新材料、新能源等在制造业领域大规模深度应用，制造业和服务业的融合也在催生新的行业和生产方式。

同时，随着全球产业分工出现新的变化，跨国公司不断调整全球的产业链布局。上海市政府参事室主任王新奎认为，目前全球价值链竞争，已经从原来在行业、国家和区域层面分化，变成了在行业供应链的各个增加值环节渗透、融合。跨国企业之间的竞争与合作，也更多出现在行业内甚至产品内的增加值环节，而不是在产业层面展开。

要擦亮“上海制造”这块金字招牌，还要更清晰把握新时代上海的资源禀赋。

2017上海车展上，由上汽通用汽车泛亚汽车技术中心主导研发，搭载PHEV插电式混合动力系统的概念车亮相。

作为特大型城市，上海面临人口、土地、生态和安全四条底线的约束，经济发展综合成本持续上升，必须改变传统依赖要素资源投入的制造业发展模式。因此，打响“上海制造”品牌，唯有向产业价值链高端迈进，聚焦重点领域、产业链的关键环节，提升企业核心竞争力和高端制造能级。

“上海要集中火力，有所为有所不为”，陈鸣波说，把握上海制造的内涵特质，应该注重高精尖的属性要求，体现智能融合的时代特点，突出质量标准的导向引领。打响“上海制造”品牌的关键，是要打造一批具有国际竞争力的企业、行业和产品品牌，提升上海制造业在全球价值链、产业链、创新链的影响力。

当前，上海正在优化新兴产业布局定位，率先布局建设汽车、高端装备、新一代信息技术、生物医药、航空等世界级先进制造业集群，争做制造强国的排头兵。据了解，在智能网联汽车、集成电路、机器人、智能硬件等领域，上海加大市区联动力度，正在加快布局、储备推进一批新兴产业领域项目。

“有所为有所不为”，让上海制造交出了亮丽的成绩单。今年1—10月份，上海战略性新兴制造业产值占工业总产值的比重，从去年底的26.7%提高到30.6%。

长征六号运载火箭

聚焦问题破瓶颈重塑上海制造业辉煌

要实现上述定位，上海有基础、有条件、有能力，但同样要着力破瓶颈。

过去5年，根据高端化、集约化、服务化和二三产业融合的发展方针，上海积极推动产业结构调整优化，为“上海制造”转型升级打下良好的基础。

如今，汽车、大飞机、海洋工程、航天、核电等正重塑着“上海制造”的新辉煌。ARJ—21新支线客机、C919大型客机、CJ—1000A航空发动机、长征六号火箭、“海洋石油981”号钻井平台、AP1000核电设备等一批重大装备取得突破；华力微电子12英寸生产线、中芯国际28nm工艺投入量产，MOCVD等先进半导体设备实现国产化，联影医疗PET/CT等打破国际垄断。而海尔智谷、华为研发中心、中芯南方、华力二期、和辉二期等重点项目，正在各个区域如火如荼地加快推进。

但是，当前上海制造业发展还面临一些亟需破解的瓶颈问题，在接受采访时，陈鸣波直言，“对标国际国内，我们要主动找差距、补短板”，比如，企业的科技创新能力、战略性新兴产业动能还不够强，一些关键核心技术和零部件还没有突破，上海土地二次开发园区转型升级要加快进度，以及产业投融资的活跃度还不够、民营经济发展生态环境还不完善等。

面向未来20年，上海在思考如何构建新的产业发展格局。除了大国重器，在人工智能、工业互联网等新兴领域，上海也在积极抢抓机遇。这也是上海推动新一代信息技术与制造技术融合发展、创造新价值的必然选择。

11月14日，上海发布《关于本市推动新一代人工智能发展的实施意见》。提出全面实施“智能上海（AI@SH）”行动，加快推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，到2020年基本建成国家人工智能发展高地。

13天后，人工智能“独角兽”商汤集团与上海市政府签订战略合作协议。未来5年投资不低于60亿元，在上海设立全球研发、智能汽车、智能芯片、智能教育等相关总部，全面推动人工智能创新应用和核心技术落地。

目前全国1/3的人工智能技术人才聚集在上海，全国数据总量的12%在上海，全国日均数据交易量的50%发生在上海大数据交易中心，且上海已形成比较成熟的人工智能产业技术和商业模式，上海显然在这个领域拥有独特优势。

作为上海曾经的骄傲，老品牌的继承发扬，也是打响“上海制造”品牌的一部分。这些老品牌资源很大一部分还在国企手中。可以探索试点通过商标转让、股权转让、品牌授权、品牌战略和商业模式重构等形式，盘活这些沉睡的品牌资源。

2017年6月28日，海军新型万吨驱逐舰首舰下水仪式在上海江南造船（集团）有限责任公司举行。

锲而不舍抓落实激发上海创造新活力

从上海制造到上海创造，需要依托企业、科研机构、高等院校等，持续不断注入创新的因子和活力。凭借协同研发设计、智能化生产控制等新技术新模式，上海制造可以站在全球产业价值链的高端，拥有更强的全球配置资源能力。

12月17日，第二架C919大型客机在上海浦东国际机场完成首次飞行，大飞机项目由此迈入全面试验试飞的新征程。

C919的研制使我国制造业第一次站在了全球分工的最高端。在上海，沿着黄浦江，从紫竹到张江、临港，形成了一条集聚国内外知名企业、院校，融合二三产业的航空产业链。在全国，20多个省份、200多家企业、30多所高校、数十万人员参与研制与配套。在全球，30多家跨国公司与合资企业参与其中。

12月10日上海洋山港四期自动化码头正式开港试运行，这是全球最大的单体全自动化码头和全球综合自动化程度最高的码头。它的“大脑”与“神经”是上港集团自主研发的码头智能生产管理控制系统和振华重工自主研发的智能控制系统，二者让全自动化码头真正用上“中国芯”。

振华重工副总裁张健说，振华重工探索与国际航运巨头马士基合作，共同研究制订全自动化码头的全球标准。未来，这些标准将借助“一带一路”建设走出去。

重振“上海制造”雄风，解题之处、点睛之笔，正在于重塑“上海制造”品牌新形象。陈鸣波说，目前正在发动各方力量，制定“上海制造”品牌实施方案和三年行动计划，明确上海制造的内涵实质、重点领域、目标任务；要着力推动一批重点工程，每年精准配套一揽子政策举措，集中打造一批“上海制造”名企、名品和世界级的先进制造业集群。

其中，以企业为主体的名企工程，重点培育一批具有全球影响力的本土跨国企业、“隐形冠军”企业以及知名企业家；以产品为核心的名品工程，重点打造一批具有高技术水平、高市场占有率、全球领先的工业精品；以园区为依托的集群工程，重点打造若干世界级先进制造业集群。

重振“上海制造”雄风，要充分发挥好各类市场主体的创新活力、进一步提升竞争能级，政府部门则要加快优化营商环境、全力做好企业服务工作；据悉，全市企业服务平台年底前将开通试运行。上海正是要以坚守传承工匠精神，聚创新弘扬企业家精神，强服务发扬店小二精神，要使这些精神融入到上海的企业、政府部门和社会的方方面面，塑造新的城市特质。

Shanghai Manufacturing: strive to create top brands as leaders in the global industrial value chain

Shanghai’s manufacturing is leverage new opportunities amid the city’s plan to build the “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand. That will not only bolster “gold brands” which brought honors to Shanghai in the past, but also enhance Shanghai’s competitiveness in global manufacturing and related collaboration as the city represents the nation’s most advanced industrial achievements.

Recently, the city’s leaders have proposed “Four Brands” of Shanghai. To build the “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand, the city will gear up to shift to the higher end of industrial value chains by developing advanced manufacturing, upgrading product quality, raising brand awareness and reputation via marketing, improving quality, guiding standards, bolstering research and development, as well as conducting fine management. All these measures will help improve corporates’ key competitiveness and revive manufacturing in Shanghai.

Chen Mingbo, director of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology who is in charge of the city’s economic and industrial development planning, said “Shanghai Manufacturing” itself is the city’s name card. The city needs to build up the “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand across the board based on existing advantages and historical background, and repositioning itself in the new era by pursuing the highest standards while making up for drawbacks.

A mission to restructure the city’s manufacturing to revive advantages

Shanghai’s manufacturing has a glorious past. The city was the first to foster China’s modern industry with the largest number of industrial companies and biggest amount of investment nationwide, which was boosted by 150 years of industrial development.

In 1978, Shanghai’s industrial output was 20.7 billion yuan, or one-eighth of the nation’s total. Nearly 200 industrial products topped nationwide by output, while over 70 industrial products have caught up with or were close to the world’s advanced levels at that time. The Shanghai Watch, the Butterfly Sewing Machine, the Phoenix Bicycle, the Seagull Camera…, in the last century, these well-known “Shanghai Manufacturing” brands were the city’s name cards.

After 1978, amid implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, China’s manufacturing changed structurally. The planned system for industrial raw materials was gradually phased out. A large batch of foreign producers came to the regions covering south Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and the Pearl River Delta – they have competed with local private companies in finished goods over 20 years by taking China’s advantages in policies, labor costs, flexibility and geographical relations.

Stepping into the new century, Shanghai’s manufacturing has revved up structural reforms and implemented an innovation-driven strategy, having developed six pillar industries including automobile, electronics and information technology, full sets of equipment, petrochemical and specialty chemicals, specialty steel and biomedical industry.

The Financial Crisis in 2008 has pushed Shanghai to focus on manufacturing development. The “real economy,” especially advanced manufacturing, has become the new strategic highland where global economic giants are fighting. The United States, for example, has been calling for the return of manufacturing, while Germany has been pushing ahead the “Industry 4.0” strategy and the United Kingdom has planned its Industry 2050 strategy.

At the beginning of 2016, Shanghai initially quantified its plan – by 2020, the manufacturing output should stay around 25 percent of the city’s gross domestic product. Afterwards, the outside world has seen the city’s resolution in building up “Shanghai Manufacturing” via 27 policies in Shanghai’s industrial supply-side reform and 50 policies to consolidate and upgrade the city’s “real economy” development.

From January to October last year, the city’s accumulated industrial growth rate has topped east China. The profit ratio of industrial companies in Shanghai, however, has been 8.4 percent, securing the second place in east China. Industrial companies have contributed 61.6 percent to the city’s revenue by paying 320.6 billion yuan in taxation, which has effectively offset the slowdown in the financial and real estate industries.

Proposing the “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand at this time is a key measure to guide the restructuring of Shanghai’s industrial advantages and to implement the spirits from the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the strategy of strengthening China via manufacturing, Chen said.

The next step is to consolidate resources across the board to build up new manufacturing brands or revive the existing brands in a bid to fight for a leading position for China’s manufacturing and “more actively” undertake national strategies and participate in global competition and collaboration, he added.

‘Do something but not everything’ in pursuing the highest standards

The CPC Central Committee has given priority to reviving the “real economy” since the 18th National Congress. The report of the 19th National Congress explained it in more details: “We must focus on the ‘real economy’ to drive economic growth.”

Amid efforts to develop strength in manufacturing, Shanghai has been speeding up the development of the Free Trade Zone and becoming a global innovation hub, which requires convening and allocating more resources from across the world. Building up the “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand, therefore, needs to match the international standards.

With new technology reforms and significant changes in manufacturing boosted by information technology, and with wide applications of new materials and new energy, new industries and new modes of production are emerging amid the merger between manufacturing and services.

Meanwhile, multinational companies are continuously adjusting global value chains amid changes in industrial divisions.

Wang Xinkui, head of the Advisory Office of Shanghai Municipal Government, said the competition in global value chains has shifted into close collaboration between all aspects in the industrial value chain from differentiation between industries, countries and regions. Competing while collaborating among multinational companies emerged across industries and even products, rather than merely within industries.

To bolster the top brands of “Shanghai Manufacturing,” the city also needs to make use of its new advantages in the new era.

As a metropolis with limited resources in labor, land, environment and safety, and thus with mounting economic costs, Shanghai needs to change the traditional manufacturing model which relies heavily on resources. The key to build up “Shanghai Manufacturing” brand is to shift into the higher end of the industrial value chain and to concentrate on key areas and key points of industrial chain development, which helps upgrade corporates’ competitiveness and manufacturing capacity.

“Shanghai needs to convene all resources, and do something but not everything,” Chen said. The essence of Shanghai’s manufacturing development relies on being “advanced and in highest quality,” as well as being “smart.” The key to realize this strategy is to build up a batch of companies, industries and brands with global competitiveness and to enlarge the influence of Shanghai’s manufacturing in the global value chains, industrial chains and innovation chains.

Shanghai is optimizing its emerging industries, preferentially building up internationally advanced manufacturing clusters covering automobile, advanced equipment, information technology, biochemical industry and aviation, in a move to fight for being the leader in the national manufacturing upgrading. The city meanwhile is speeding up drafting plans on a new round of development in emerging industries, covering intelligent and connected cars, integrated circuits, robotics and smart hardware.

Under the notion of “do something but not everything,” Shanghai has posted excellent results in manufacturing. Over the first 10 months last year, the ratio of strategic emerging manufacturing sectors against total manufacturing in terms of output has risen to 30.6 percent from 26.7 percent at the end of 2016.

Reshaping ‘Shanghai Manufacturing’ with focus on ‘breaking the bottleneck’

To achieve the ambition above, Shanghai has the foundation, conditions and ability to help itself break the bottleneck.

In the past five years, in accordance with the development guideline of “being high-end, intensive, services-oriented” and “integration between secondary and tertiary industries,” Shanghai has actively promoted the industrial restructuring and optimization, laying a good foundation for the transformation and upgrade of “Shanghai Manufacturing.”

At present, automobile, airplane, marine engineering, aerospace, and nuclear industries are reshaping the new territory of “Shanghai Manufacturing.” Key breakthroughs have been made in a number of major projects such as ARJ-21 jet, China’s self-developed passenger jet C919, CJ-1000A engine, Long March-6 rocket, offshore oil drilling platform named Haiyang Shiyou 981 and AP1000 nuclear reactor. A number of projects are breaking the monopoly by overseas peers. Examples include Shanghai Huali Microelectronics Co’s 12-inch production line, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co’s 28nm production process, local manufacturing of MOCVD and other advanced semiconductor equipment, as well as Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co’s PET/CT scanner. Other projects are ongoing as well, including Haier smart valley, Huawei research and development center, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co’s project in Shanghai, second phase of Shanghai Huali Microelectronics Co and second phase of Everdisplay Optronics Shanghai Ltd.

However, Shanghai's manufacturing industry still faces some bottlenecks which need to be solved. During the interview, Chen Mingbo said that “By taking domestic and intenational standards, we must take the initiative to find gaps and overcome the weakness.” For example, strategic new industries are not strong enough. Some key technologies and components are not sufficient. Land use needs to be revamped. Industrial investment and financing activities are not enough. An ecological environment is needed for the private economy.

In the next 20 years, Shanghai will seek solutions to build a new mode of industrial development. Beyond traditional industries, Shanghai is also seizing opportunities in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and industrial Internet. This is a great opportunity for Shanghai to promote the integration and development of a new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology with new values.

On November 14, Shanghai released a guideline to promote the development of new-generation artificial intelligence sector. The city proposes to fully implement the AI@Shanghai initiative, and speeds up the integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and “real economy”. By 2020, the city aims to establish the national headquarters of artificial intelligence industry.

Thirteen days later, artificial intelligence company SenseTime signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Shanghai Municipal Government. In the next 5 years, the company will invest more than 6 billion yuan. The company will establish global headquarters for research and development of smart cars, smart chips and smart education in Shanghai and actively promote innovation and application of artificial intelligence and other core technologies.

At present, one-third of China’s artificial intelligence professionals are in Shanghai and 12 percent of the related data are preserved in Shanghai. Half of the daily data transactions in the country are completed on the Shanghai Data Exchange Corp. Shanghai has formed a relatively mature artificial intelligence industrial technology and business model with advantages in this area.

Shanghai is also proud of reviving old brands. These brands are part of “Shanghai Manufacturing” as well. A large part of these old-brand resources are still located in state-owned enterprises. State-owned enterprises can explore trademark transfer, equity transfer, brand authorization, brand strategy and business model restructuring to fully use resources.

Perseverance in implementation will inspire Shanghai to create new vitality

From “Shanghai Manufacturing” to “Shanghai Innovation,” the city needs to rely on enterprises, research institutions and universities to create new vitality. With collaboration between research and development/design, intelligent production/control and other new technologies, “Shanghai Manufacturing” will have a stronger position in the world and will be able to allocate global resources.

On December 17, the second prototype of China’s domestically made narrow-body passenger aircraft C919 completed its maiden flight in Shanghai Pudong International Airport, marking a milestone in full-scale test flight.

The research and development of C919 marks that China’s manufacturing industry has been bolstered in global stage. In Shanghai, along the Huangpu River, from Zizhu High-Tech Industrial Park to Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park and Lingang area, there are many well-known domestic and foreign enterprises and institutions in the aviation industry. In China, more than 20 provinces and 200 enterprises, over 30 universities, and hundreds of thousands of people are involved in this project. Around the world, more than 30 multinational companies and joint ventures are involved.

On December 10, the Phase IV of Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port, the world’s biggest automated container terminal, started trial operation. Its “brain and nerves” include the intelligent management system by Shanghai International Port Group Co Ltd and intelligent control system by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co. These two systems allow the Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port to use core components which are made in China.

Zhang Jian, vice president of Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co, said the company cooperates with the world’s largest container shipping company Maersk Line to draft global standards for fully automated container terminals. In the future, these standards will be promoted with the Belt and Road initiative.

In order to reshape the “Shanghai Manufacturing” image, Chen Mingbo said that the city is striving to make an implementation plan and three-year action plan. The city will also identify key focus, tasks and objectives of “Shanghai Manufacturing.” Shanghai will promote a number of key projects, policies and measures to build famous enterprises and advanced manufacturing companies.

Shanghai will cultivate a number of the city’s own multinational companies with global influence. The city aims to have some well-known entrepreneurs and a number of high-tech and leading industrial projects as well as world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.

To restore the glory of “Shanghai Manufacturing,” the city is giving full play to various market players to further bolster competitiveness. Government departments will speed up optimizing business environment and improving services. The city-level business service platform started trial operation in late 2017. Shanghai will leverage “craftsmanship spirit,” innovation, and entrepreneurship spirit, while strengthening its service capacity. The city will promote all these spirits into all aspects of Shanghai's enterprises, government departments and the whole society to create a totally new city image.

(Source: Jiefang Daily)